中国西部农村3岁以下儿童贫血状况分析

Analysis on anemia status of children under 3 years old in western China

目的了解中国西部农村3岁以下儿童贫血状况。方法采用分层随机抽样法，对中国西部9省46个项目县的9616名3岁以下儿童及其家庭进行调查并测定血红蛋白。结果2005年西部9省项目地区3岁以下儿童贫血患病率为33．8％，男孩贫血患病率为34．7％，女孩为32.5％。用铁锅做饭的家庭中，儿童贫血的患病率为33．1％，不用铁锅做饭的家庭中儿童贫血的患病率为47．8％。单独为儿童做饭的家庭儿童贫血患病率为30．0％，未单独为儿童做饭的家庭儿童贫血患病率为38．6％。儿童贫血随月龄变化，12～18月龄是3岁以下儿童贫血患病率的高峰，以后贫血率随月龄增加而下降；对于儿童贫血，母亲贫血的危险度为3．271。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，母亲贫血、生长迟缓、铁锅做饭、单独为儿童做饭和性别与儿童贫血差异有统计学意义。结论中国西部农村地区3岁以下儿童贫血状况不容乐观，应根据儿童贫血的相关影响因素采取干预措施，改善西部地区3岁以下儿童贫血状况。

Objective To analyse the anemia status of children under 3 years old in western China. Methods The 9616 children under 3 years old and their families were investigated by using stratified random sampling method in 46 counties in western China. The content of haemoglobin was measured by Cyanmethemoglohin and HemoCue. The diagnostic criterion of anemia was the level of haemoglobin less than 110 g/L for the children of 6 months to under 6 years old, which proposed by WHO and UNICEF. Results The prevalence of anemia among the childen under 3 years old in ten provinces was 33.8 %, and the prevalence of boys was 34.7 %, and girls was 32.5 %. The prevalence of anemia was 33.1% and 30.0 % in those families cooking with iron pan and famlies with separate cooking for children, While the prevalence was 47.8 % and 38.6 % in those families cooking without iron pan and without separate cooking for children. Prevalence of anemia was varying along with the age. The peak of anemia prevalence was found among the children of 12 - 18 months. Compared with the children of normal mother, the related risk of anemia was 3. 271 for the children of anemic mother. The analysis of Logistic regression showed that mother anemia, cooking with iron pan, separate cooking for child and gender had significant relations to child anemia. Conclusion The anemia prevalence among the children under 3 years old in the rural of western China is high and should be controlled.