早产儿视网膜病变发生率及危险因素分析

INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

目的分析早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发生率及危险因素。方法对孕周〈36周，出生体质量〈2500g的208例早产儿生后4～6周行眼底检查，根据ROP国际诊断分期法进行诊断分级，探讨ROP与孕周、出生体质量、窒息、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、感染及贫血等因素的关系。结果208例早产儿中患有不同程度ROP者39例（其中ROPⅠ期24例，ROPⅡ期13例，ROPⅡ期2例），ROP发生率为18．8％。ROP病儿中住院期间有3例自愈，4例成功进行手术治疗，而大部分病例需出院后继续定期进行眼底检查。孕周、出生体质量、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、贫血及感染对ROP的发生具有明显影响。且孕周越短、出生体质量越小，ROP发生率越高。结论早产儿ROP的发生率较高，ROP的发生与孕周、出生体质量、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、贫血及感染等因素有关。

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）. Methods This study consisted of 208 infants with a gestational age （GA） less than 36 weeks or birth weight （BW） less than 2 500 g. They were screened for ROP from four to six weeks of postnatal age and classified in accordance with the international ROP criteria. The relationship among ROP and GA, BW, asphyxia, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, infection and anemia were analyzed. Results The incidence of ROP was 18.8% （39/208）, of which, stage Ⅰ , 24 cases; stage Ⅱ , 13 cases and stage Ⅲ, two cases. Three were self-cure during hospital stay, and four successfully underwent surgery. Most of them were required to have a regular examination of fundus. GA, BW, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, anemia and infection were related to ROP. Conclusion The incidence of ROP is higher in prematurity, which is related to GA, BW, oxygen inhalation, pregnant complications, anemia and infection.