江西丘陵红壤区坡面径流及其与降雨关系的影响因素

Factors Affecting Runoff and Its Relationship with Rainfall Factors in Red Earth Hilly Regions in Jiangxi Province

通过径流小区方法,对比观测了采取提高植被盖度,改顺坡耕作为横坡耕作,改直坡为梯田,地表覆盖死地被物4类治理措施9个不同小区地表径流量和同期降雨特征。在比较不同小区地表径流量的基础上,分别建立降雨量、降雨强度、降雨历时与地表径流量回归方程,分析了各种措施对于降雨径流相关性的影响。(1)采取4类措施后,地表径流量显著减少;(2)4种措施对于地表径流与降雨关系的影响存在相同趋势,即措施在降低地表径流量的同时,提高降雨量、降雨历时与地表径流量的相关性,降低降雨强度与地表径流的相关性。在耕作方式对比试验中,横坡耕作与顺坡耕作相比,在减少地表径流的同时,降雨强度与径流量相关性略有提高。地表覆盖和耕作措施在降低地表径流量的同时,也降低了降雨历时与地表径流相关性。

Runoff and its relationship with rainfall factors are impacted by factors such as vegetation and tillage. Understanding the impact is the base of soil and water conservation and erosion models. 4 types of soil ad water conservation measures were investigated in 9 runoff plots, and rainfall was recorded synchronously. Runoff from different plots is compared and regression equations are constructed between runoff and precipitation, rainfall intensity, and rainfall duration, respectively. Results show that the 4 measures can reduce runoff significantly. Rainfall-runoff relationship is affected by the four measures in the same way, which increases the correlation level between runoff and precipitation and rainfall duration and decreases the correlation level between runoff and rainfall intensity with two exceptions. Contour cultivation increases correlation level between runoff and rainfall intensity, and ground cover and contour cultivation decrease the correlation level between runoff and rainfall duration.