阿尔茨海默病患者行为和精神症状的观察及康复护理

Observation and Nursing Care of Behavioral and Psychotis Symptoms of Patients with Dementia

目的:观察阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的行为和精神症状(BPSD)及相应的治疗和康复护理措施的效果。方法:对88例AD患者给予常规治疗并配合康复护理干预,内容包括安全护理,生活技能培训,心理护理及幻觉妄想、激起行为、睡眠障碍的护理等。采取自身对照的方法,观察干预前后患者BPSD的变化(包括妄想、知觉、情感及行为障碍)及临床疗效评定。结果:康复护理干预3个月后,88例患者与干预前比较,BPSD评分明显下降,妄想、知觉、情感及行为障碍患者的例数显著下降。临床疗效评定,显著进步12例(13.6%);好转65例(73.9%);无效6例(6.8%);死亡5例(5.7%),死因均为躯体并发症。结论:AD患者可出现各种BPSD,加强对患者的整体康复护理对改善患者病情、提高患者生存质量具有重要意义。

Objective： To observe the behavioral and psychotis symptoms of dementia （BPSD） and the effects of treatment and nursing intervention measures. Methods： The nursing intervention measures were adopted for 88 AD patients. The changes in behavioral and psychotis symptoms of the patients with AD were observed. Results： The significant improvement rate was 13.6%, effective rate was 73.9%, no effective rate was 6.8%, and the mortality was 5.7%. The causes of death were physical complications. By using the nursing intervention measures, BPSD of patients with AD were alleviated obviously and the quality of life was also improved. Conclusion： Patients with AD have different kinds of BPSD. Strengthening nursing care against BPSD can improve life of quality of the patients with AD.