4种野生鸢尾叶片解剖结构与耐旱性关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Leaf Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistance of Four Species of Iris

在光学显微镜下用徒手切片和离析法比较了4种野生鸢尾:天山鸢尾(Iris loczyi)、准噶尔鸢尾(Iris songarica)、卷鞘鸢尾(Iris potaninii)和白花马蔺(Iris lacteal)的叶片解剖结构、角质层的厚度、表皮细胞大小、叶肉细胞的特征、气孔密集度、气孔器特征。角质层厚度为:准噶尔鸢尾>卷鞘鸢尾>天山鸢尾>白花马蔺;解剖结构和气孔密度等证明天山鸢尾和准噶尔鸢尾应属于保护型、节约型、忍耐型和强壮型旱生植物,卷鞘鸢尾和白花马蔺应属于保护型、忍耐型和强壮型旱生植物。四种鸢尾对干旱环境都具有极强的适应性。

Anatomical character of leaves, which include the size of epidermal cells, ply of cutin, characteristics of mesophyll cells, density of stomata, characteristics of stomata, of four species of Iris which were introduced successfully from Qinghai province have been observed by the light microscope and eduction method. The results showed that the rate of volume and area of leaves： L lacteal〉 L potaninii〉 I. loczyi〉 L songarica; ply of cutin ： L songarica〉I, potaninii〉I, loczyi〉I, lacteal; I. loczyi and I. songarica belong to sheltering effect, economizer, endurance and tonicity by anatomical character and density of stomata, I. potaninii and I. lacteal belong to sheltering effect, endurance and tonicity. The confirmation was that the four species of Iris were xerophil, which have strongly adaptability for drought environment.