碱性土壤对杨梅生长结果的影响

Effects of alkaline soil on the growth and fruiting of red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.)

试验以晚稻杨梅品种为材料,以山地酸性土壤种植的植株为对照,首次于浙江定海pH>8.1的碱性土壤中进行杨梅的栽培研究。结果表明:与对照相比,碱性土壤种植的杨梅植株明显矮化,4年生树高度降低37.9%,春梢长度缩短47.6%,南北向和东西向树冠直径分别缩小45.4%和42.0%,春梢粗度和树干基部直径分别缩小26.5%和38.9%,叶片长度和宽度分别减少13.5%和26.1%,均达极显著差异。碱性土壤种植的杨梅始果期提早,栽后第3年普遍开始结果,第4年结果树率达80%以上,单株产量3.6 kg,而对照第4年结果树率仅为4.5%,几乎没有产量。碱性土壤种植后果实品质发生明显变化,4年生树龄果实总糖度为15.52%,总酸度为0.83%,比对照分别增加33.4%和10.6%,果实P2O5,K2O,Ca分别比对照增加29.41%,4.80%和24.3%,但碱性土壤杨梅果实和果核重量分别比对照减轻24.3%和20.6%,均达极显著差异。初步研究表明碱性土壤可以种植杨梅,且树体矮化、提早结果,果实品质生理指标有显著提高。

Red bayberry （Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. ） trees are usually planted on acid soils with pH 4.5 -6.5. The present study compared the growth and fruiting of red bayberry grown on acid soil and alkaline soil at Dinghai District, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province. As compared with the trees grown in acid red soil （the control）, the heights of 4-yeasold trees grown on alkaline soil was lowed by 37.9%, and the crown diameters of north-south way and west-east way were reduced by 45.4% and 42.0%, respectively, and the leaf length and width were reduced by 13.5% and 26.1%, respectively. The percentages of fruiting trees for 4-year old trees gown on alkaline soil and acid soil were 80% and 4.5%, respectively, and fruit yields of the trees on the two soils were 3.6 kg and 0.1 kg/tree respectively. Total sugar and total acid contents in the fruits on 4-yaer old trees grown on alkaline soil were increased by 33.4% and 10.6%, respectively. The contents of P2O5, K2O, and Ca in the fruits from trees grown on alkaline soil were increased by 29.41%, 4.80%, and 24.3 %, respectively, whereas the fnfit weight and the fruit stone weight were decreased by 24.3 % and 20.6%, respectively than that of the control. The results indicated that cultivation of red bayberry on alkaline soil could result in dwarfing of trees, more early fruiting, and improvement of the fruit quality.