湖北地区变应性鼻炎变应原年龄特征分析

Age features of the allergens in allergic rhinitis patients of different age in Hubei area

目的:探讨湖北地区临床上变应性鼻炎(AR)患者变应原分布情况,以及变应原在不同年龄患者中分布的差异性。方法:对2808例确诊为AR患者,应用本地区常见的变应原标准化试剂行皮肤点刺试验,结合年龄及变应原分组进行综合分析。结果:在本地区AR患者中,屋尘螨和粉尘螨是最主要的变应原(91.03%、86.47%),其次分别为蟑螂(19.55%)、豚草(15.63%)和艾蒿(14.13%)。不同年龄人群中主要变应原并不完全一致,真菌Ⅰ在3～9岁儿童中阳性率明显高于其他年龄组;豚草、艾蒿阳性率随年龄增长有增高趋势;蟑螂阳性率则在30～39岁年龄组最高。AR患者中单一变应原过敏者随年龄增长其比例不断下降。结论:尘螨为本地区最重要的变应原,阳性变应原分布在不同年龄患者中并不一致。

Objective： To investigate the distribution of positive allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis and the discrepancy among different age group.Method：Skin prick tests were done to 2 808 allergic rhinitis patients, the major allergens of local area were tested with standard allergens. Data was analyzed with age and allergens. Result：Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farinae had the highest positivity among all allergens （91.03%, 86.47%）. Other important allergens were cockroach （19.55%）, ragweed （15.63%） and mug wort （14.13%） subsquently. The distribution of major allergens was variable among different age group. The positivity of mold mixture I was much higher in 3-9 years old group than other age group. Positive percentage of ragweed and mugwort allergens were increased with age growing. Positive ratio of cockroach which was higher in the elder than that in the younger, was highest in 30-39 years old group. Ratio in patients with single allergen positive decreased with age growing. Conclusion.. House dust mite was the most important allergen of the local area. the distribution of positive allergens was variable in different age group.