中国北方部分地区青少年对自杀的态度与知识的定性研究

Knowledge and attitudes about suicide among teenagers in northern China:a qualitative study

目的了解当前青少年对自杀的态度及自杀学知识的掌握情况。方法在北方6个地区对63名青少年主持了8个自杀态度及知识的专题小组讨论会。讨论全部录音并输入电脑,然后用QRS Nvivo软件分析。结果多数青少年认为自杀现象随时间在变化,青少年比成年人多。人际矛盾(特别是家人之间)、重病(躯体或精神疾病)、经济压力等是自杀的常见原因。青少年主要是学习压力、人际矛盾(与家人或朋友间的)和恋爱问题。冲动自杀与外因关系更大。多数青少年认为自杀是自私的表现,但在某些情况下可以接受自杀。自杀对家属的伤害较大。大多数青少年表示与有自杀行为的人交往会持谨慎的态度。多数人认为自杀可以预防。结论青少年对自杀的态度比较模糊,对自杀的了解存在误区。需要面向青少年开展预防自杀的教育,使其掌握预防自杀的知识。

Objective To understand current attitudes and knowledge about suicide among teenagers. Methods Seventeen mental health professionals who were extensively trained in the methods of conducting focus groups used a pretested focus group out line on attitudes and knowledge about suicide to conduct 8 focus groups with a total of 63 teenagers from 6 regions in north China. The focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed using the QSR Nvivo test analysis software. Results Most respondents believed that suicide was more common in teenagers than in adults; that interpersonal conflicts （particularly family conflicts） , serious illness （both physical and psychological） and economic problems were the main causes of suicide; that suicide among teenagers was commonly related to academic stress, interpersonal problems （with family or friends） and emotional problems; that impulsive suicides were precipitated by external factors; that suicide was usually a selfish act but could be considered acceptable in certain circumstances ; that suicide was very harmful for families; and that suicide can be prevented. Respondents also reported that they would be very cautious when interacting with someone with prior suicidal behavior. Conclusions Teenagers＇ attitudes about suicide are mixed and they have some incorrect beliefs about suicide; educational approaches to improve their awareness about suicide prevention are needed.