政府公开的原则与例外——论美国信息自由制度

On the Principle of and Exceptions to Government Transparency:From the Perspective of American Freedom of Information Act

信息公开是美国《联邦行政程序法》的重要组成部分,也是美国对世界行政法治的一大贡献。在简要总结了美国信息公开制度的历史进程和最新发展之后,还需详细探讨信息公开原则及其例外的司法适用,并深入分析信息公开和个人隐私之间的复杂关系诸问题。由于信息公开与透明度在行政程序中发挥着特别重要的作用,美国的经验应能对中国相关制度的完善提供有益的启示。

As a significant contribution of the United States to the world administrative rule of law, freedom of information is an important part of the Federal Administrative Procedural Act. This article summarizes the historical progress and recent development of the American Freedom of Information Act, explores in detail the principles governing the judicial application of freedom of information and its exceptions, and analyzes the complex relationship between freedom of information and personal privacy. Since freedom of information and transparency play a critical role in administrative procedure, the American experience in this area provides particularly relevant insight to China＇ s institutional improvements.