辣椒受精过程及其经历时间的研究

Fertilization and Time Course in Capsicum annuum L.

运用常规石蜡制片技术与光学显微镜技术研究了辣椒（Capsicum annuum L．）受精过程及其经历的时间。结果表明：辣椒为自花授粉植物；成熟雄配子体为二细胞型花粉，生殖细胞在花粉管内分裂产生两个精子；花粉管破坏一个助细胞并释放精子，两精子同时移向卵细胞与次生核，精卵融合速度较慢，精子和次生核融合较快；辣椒为细胞型胚乳。自花授粉后2～4h在柱头上大量花粉萌发；授粉后8～12h花粉管长过花柱进入子房腔；授粉后12～20h花粉管在助细胞里释放精子；授粉后14～30h雌雄性细胞融合；授粉后18～40h初生胚乳核分裂，初生胚乳核休眠期约为4～6h；授粉后4d左右合子分裂，合子休眠期为3d左右。

Embryological characters during fertilization and the time course of the fertilization process in Capsicum annuum L. were described by means of routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique and observed by microscopy. The results are as follows： The mature male gametophyte is 2-celled pollen grain, and the generative cell divides into two sperms in the pollen tube. Pollen tube destroys one synergid and releases two sperms which move to egg and secondary nucleus at the same time. Fusion of egg-sperm is slower than that of secondary nucleus-sperm. The development of the endosperm is of cellular type. Pollen grains germinate on the stigma 2 -4 h after pollination. A pollen tube gets into the ovary Iocule 8 - 12 h after pollination. Pollen tube releases two sperms into one synergid 12 -20 h after pollination. Fusion of male and female sexual cells takes place about 14 -30 h after pollination. The division of primary endosperm nucleus takes place 18 -40 h after pollination, and its dormancy stage lasts for 4 - 6 h. About 4 days after pollination, zygote begins dividing and its dormancy stage lasts for 3 days.