十六烷基三甲基铵改性膨润土的制备与物化性能研究

Preparation and properties of organobentonites composites

以天然钙基膨润土为原料,经过钠化处理与十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA+)采用湿法工艺合成了有机膨润土,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM和TG-DTA等手段对改性膨润土的结构性能以及微观形貌进行测试,讨论了阳离子表面活性剂与膨润土的作用机理.实验结果表明,季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂与膨润土发生有效作用,HDTMA+通过离子交换反应进入膨润土晶片层间,使其晶片层间的亲水环境改变为疏水环境并增大晶片层间距离,疏水吸附可以使其分布在膨润土表面,改变微观形貌特征,增强疏水性能,为高聚物/膨润土复合材料奠定了理论基础.

The organobentonites were synthesized by using the artificial Na-bentonites and hexadecylt- rimethylammonium （HDTMA^＋）. The properties and microstructure of the modified bentonites were analyzed with FTIR, X ray diffraction diagram, SEM and TG-DTA thermograms, and the mechanism of interaction between the cationic surfactant and Na-bentonites was discussed. The results showed that quaternary ammonium surfactant combined with Na-bentonites, and HDTMA^＋ entered into the chip layer of the bentonites through ion exchange and increased the distance among the chip layers. On the other hand, the surface microstructure was made more incompact and the hydrophobic property was strengthened by means of hydrophobic absorption, which had laid a base for the preparation of the composite material of high polymer/bentonite.