利用多种质资源选育多抗型棉花品种的育种学启示

Enlightenments of Breeding Multy-resistant Cotton Variety UsingMulty-germplasm

用选自陆海杂交后代的抗蚜选系抗７７为母本与具中棉亲缘的丰产品种江苏棉１号杂交，后代与父本江苏棉１号回交２次，经２０代综合鉴定和多性状定向选育的川棉１０９。该品种抗棉蚜，抗枯萎病和立枯病，耐黄萎病，耐旱，抗倒，耐瘠薄；并克服了陆地棉密茸毛与短纤维的连锁，将抗虫与抗病、丰产与优质有机组合；综合性状鉴定为国内领先和国际先进水平．目前己累积推广２７万ｈｍ２，是利用多质资源培育多抗型丰产品种的实例。多质资源是前提，多抗性、强生长势、强补偿力等构成了川棉１０９丰产稳产的综合遣传优势。启示育种目标日趋综合的现代棉花育种应选择宽广的质源，培育多抗性取代单抗性，并以胁迫和非胁迫双重条件下的产量比较为核心，实现抗性与丰产性的统一。

An aphid resistant line selected from the hybrid of upland X Sea-island cotton, kang77, was adopted as the female parent to cross with Jiangsumian 1, an upland type culti- var with Asia cotton genetic background. Hybrids ( ) were backcrossed with the male par- ent for 2 generations. Through 20 generations of successive multiple-character identifica- tion and directive screen, a stably high yielding variety named Chuanmian 109 was bred in 1993. lt has not only multy-resistance (or tolerance) to aphid, Fusarium Wilt, Sore shin, Verticillium Wilt, drought, lodging and barrenness, but also breakes the interlock of short fibre and dense hair in upland cotton, thus combining high fibre quality with morphological aphid resistance successfully due to its comprehensive characters of yield, fibre quality and multy-resistance. As a successful example of multy - resistance breeding using polygermplasm, it has been expanded over 270, 000 ha. by 1996. Big growth rate, strong compensation of yield factors and multy-resistance to aphid, diseases and adversities based on polygermplasm are determinant factors of higher and stable lint yield. Multy-germplasm with wide genotypes should be used and yield comparison should be emphasized under both stress and non - stress conditions in the course of identification and selection so as to reach comprehensive breeding goals.