制度对旅游发展影响研究综述与启示

A Study Review about the Impact of Institution on Tourism Development and Its Enlightenment

处于经济体制转轨期及对宏观环境敏感的中国旅游业,受制度结构与产业政策影响很大,一个完善的制度是保证旅游业持续发展的关键。本文回顾和比较了国内外制度对旅游发展影响的相关研究,国外学者比较集中于制度对遗产保护与管理、可持续旅游、旅游产业、发展中国家旅游发展影响及旅游发展宏观政策等领域的研究,国内学者对这些领域也有涉及,但更关注的研究领域是旅游行业与企业管理体制变迁、制度对旅游饭店、旅行社与景区业发展影响以及对旅游资源与遗产的保护与开发影响等。两者研究关注点的差异,显示了制度因素对我国旅游业发展具有更重要的影响。

China＇s tourism industry that is in the transitional period of economic system and sensitive to macro-environment is greatly influenced by institutional structure and industrial policy. A perfect institution is key to ensuring the sustainable development of tourism. The paper retrospects and compares the related study about the impact of institutions both at home and abroad on tourism development. Foreign scholars concentrate on the impact of institution on heritage protection and management, sustainable tourism, tourism industry, tourism development in developing countries as well as study on macroscopic policy of tourism development, while domestic scholars concern more about the institutional vicissitude of tourism trade and enterprise management, the impact of institution on tourist hotels, travel services, development of scenic area industry as well as protection and development of tourism resources and heritage. The difference of their concern shows that institutional factors exert more significant influence on the development of China＇s tourism industry.