明清时期女子文学教育的文化生态述论

On the Cultural Ecology of the Women's Literary Education in Ming and Qing Dynasties

在明清时期,对女子是否应该接受文化知识教育有两种截然相反的教育观念,但二者殊途同归地导向注重女子伦理精神的培植和道德人格的养成。人们普遍认为文学教育是妨害女子道德人格的罪魁祸首,"女子无才便是德"的俗谚在明后期以降广为传播,便集中彰显了这种文化生态。即使人们批驳"女子无才便是德"的谬见,也大多从张扬女子"才德不相妨"的角度着眼。但是女子"才德不相妨"观念的流行,毕竟理直气壮地肯定了女子文学教育的合理性和必要性,这种文化生态为女子文学教育的普遍推广和持续高涨提供了一个良好的机缘,导致明清时期女子文学教育的相对普及和显著效果。

There were two kinds of different educational ideas about the women accepting the cultural education, but both of them led to develop women's ethic spirit and moral personality. People thought that the literary education was the arch criminal to endanger women's moral personality. So the proverb that 'a woman's want of literary talent is considered a virtue' spread widely in the late Ming Dynasty, revealing a kind of cultural ecology. At the same time the idea of 'literary talent and virtue do not contradict each other' also spread widely, and people affirmed the justification and necessity of women's literary education with perfect assurance. This kind of cultural ecology offered a good chance to the popularization of women's literary education so that women's literary education was popularized and obtained remarkable effects in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.