微细胞介导的染色体转移技术及其应用

The application of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer technology

微细胞介导的染色体转移技术(MMCT)是一项利用微细胞将外源染色体转入受体细胞的技术。该技术是在细胞融合的基础之上发展起来的,是细胞融合技术的进一步细化,在当代生物的若干领域里得到了广泛的应用。一些肿瘤抑制基因、端粒酶抑制基因、诱导衰老基因以及DNA修复基因都是通过MMCT技术取得细胞内识别和定位,由此促进了针对这些基因的功能研究,并为相关疾病的治疗提供了依据。同时,MMCT技术也为其他领域如表观遗传学、基因组印迹、哺乳动物人工染色体等方面的进一步研究提供了有力的手段。与体细胞核移植技术结合,MMCT还可用于建立具有重要医学药用价值和优良农业生产性状的转染色体动物,显示其具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了MMCT技术及其在相关领域的应用与发展趋势。

Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer （MMCT） is a technique to introduce exogenous chromosomes into host cells by microcells. The method was derived from cell fusion and found its wide application in many fields of modern biology. It is being used to hunt for tumour suppressor genes associated with specific cancers, telomerase suppression genes, senescence-inducing genes and DNA repair genes. This technology promotes the study of gene function and dysfunction. Some of these discoveries are being investigated as potential treatments for related diseases. Other fields have take advantage of MMCT, such as epigenetics, genomic imprinting, mammalian artificial chromosomes and so on. Besides, combined with the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique, MMCT has been employed for producing transchromosomic animals of medical and agricultural value. It will have extensive application in the future. This review briefly discusses these applications and development in different fields utilizing MMCT technology.