赠地学院:美国高等农业职业教育的开拓者

Donating Land College:Exploiter of Higher Agricultural Vocational Education in America

19世纪受农业经济、高等教育发展及文化传统的影响，美国颁布实施《莫雷尔法案》，依靠联邦政府赠拨土地的赠地学院由此产生。赠地学院的模式灵活多样，注重培养农业技术人才，开展农业科学研究和技术推广，为工农业发展需求服务。主要贡献包括：开创政府以法律手段调控高等教育发展的先河，加快高等教育大众化步伐，促进了高等农业教育的发展。借鉴其经验，我国可采取加强农职教立法，改革管理体制，调整教学内容，加大财政投入力度等措施，进一步发展农业职业教育。

Influencing by agricultural economy, development of higher education and cultural tradition, America issued and implemented the Morril Act, and the donating land college appeared. The model of donating land college is flexible and various, which pay attention to cultivate agricultural technical talents, deploy popularization of agricultural technology and serve for agricultural and industrial development, and its main contributions are： initiated the new phase that regulating the development of higher education by legal measures, accelerated popularization pace of higher education and fostered the development of higher agricultural education. Referring its experiences, China can adopt the measures of strengthening legislation for rural vocational education, reforming management system, adjusting teaching content and increase financial investment degree to further boost the development of agricultural vocational education.