丹麦后发展道路解析

Explaining Denmark's Late Development

本文探讨丹麦在一战前的经济发展道路,在现有的以国家或社会为主的解释基础上,指出理解丹麦不同的后发展道路的关键是国际政治环境以及国家对这个环境的反应。早期的军事竞争给丹麦政权带来了整合国内政治势力的紧迫感和推动经济发展的愿望,这直接导致国家抑制贵族势力和培育独立农民的措施,从而为19世纪农业发展和产品升级奠定了基础。但是,丹麦在欧洲军事竞争中的失利使其逐渐放弃争霸,转而依附强权。这一变化使其政权在19世纪下半期失去了介入经济的紧迫感和动力,因此丹麦19世纪的经济发展成为一种渐进的市场导向的发展。

This paper explains the path of Denmark's late development before the World War I.Based on the existing state-or society-centered explanations,this paper argues that the key to understanding Denmark's late development is the then international political context and Denmark's reactions to it.The international military competition in the early years created pressures for Denmark to integrate its domestic forces and to engage in economic development,which directly led to its suppressing the nobles and supporting the independent farmers and thus paved the way for agricultural development and product upgrading in the 19th Century.However,as Denmark gradually lost its position in the European military competition,it changed its strategy and attached itself to the big powers.This change reduced the pressures on the State to intervene in domestic economy and the mode of Denmark's economic development therefore shifted gradually towards a market-led direction in the 19th Century.