CO2膨胀液体热力学特性及在化学反应中的应用

Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide Expanded Liquids and Applications in Chemical Reactions

二氧化碳膨胀液体被认为是环境友好的绿色溶剂,具有良好的气体溶解度、传质特性、低黏度、条件温和以及有机溶剂用量少等突出特点,受到化学家和化学工程学家们越来越多的重视。本文详细介绍了二氧化碳膨胀液体的体积膨胀度、相平衡热力学、传递特性、酸性以及导电性等理论研究成果;在此基础上,分析讨论了这些性质变化的内在原因;总结了目前为止利用二氧化碳膨胀液体所开发的化学反应研究现状,包括加氢、氢甲酰化、氧化以及其他反应等;对存在的问题和今后应该致力于解决的技术性难题进行了讨论,指出了今后的重点发展方向。

Carbon dioxide expanded liquids （CXLs） have been considered as a kind of environmentally benign solvents. They often present some unique features such as high gas solubility, good mass transfer property, low viscosity, mild operation conditions, as well as less employment of organic solvents. So they are given more and more attentions by chemists and chemical engineering scientists. This paper reviews the recent studies on the volume expansibility, phase equilibrium thermodynamics, mass transfer properties, acidities, and conductivities of CXLs, and summarizes the chemical reactions based on the CXLs, including hydrogenation, hydroformylation and oxidation etc. Finally, the existing problems associated with the CXLs are analyzed and the research directions of CXLs in future are also pointed out.