塔里木盆地沙尘气溶胶对短波辐射的影响--以塔中为例

Influence of Sand-dust over Tarim Basin on Shortwave Radiation:A Case Study in Tazhong Area

利用2006年8—9月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站的80 m铁塔上,距地1.5 m的KIPP&ZONEN自动辐射仪获取的监测资料,根据沙尘暴资料中PM10的小时浓度变化,参照TSP的变化趋势和塔中地面气象站的能见度和风速,将天气划分为晴空、浮尘和扬沙、沙尘暴三种类型,并分别选取其代表性天气,分析以塔中为代表的沙漠腹地,沙尘气溶胶浓度的变化对短波辐射的影响。结果表明:沙尘气溶胶减弱到达地面的总的太阳辐射,在大气总的透过率上表现为晴空是沙尘暴的2.04倍;直接辐射表现在大气透明系数的变化与沙尘暴、浮尘PM10呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.714,-0.771;沙尘气溶胶改变散射辐射波形,由遁形平顶型改为倒"V"型,增加散射日总量,沙尘暴是晴空的1.68倍,浮尘是晴空的2.12倍。

An automatic actinograph （KIPP ＆ ZONEN） was fixed on the 80 meters height tower at Tazhong Meterological Station in Takilimakan Desert hinterland. Data were obtained every minute and collected per hour from Aug Ist to Sept 30m, 2006. Based on data of visibility, wind speed and other meteorological data the weather conditions were classified into three types： clear, dust-floating and sand-dust storm. The influ- ence of variation of sand-dust aerosols on shortwave radiation in typical weather days was analyzed. Results indicated that： the atmospheric transmittance in clear is 2.04 times more than that in sand-dust storm due to sand-dust weakens the total solar radiation; the correlations between atmospheric transparency and sand- dust storm, dust-floating PM10 are negative apparently, and the coefficient is --0. 714 and --0. 771 respec- tively. The scattering radiation in sand-dust weather is 1.68 times of that in clear and 2. 12 times of that in dust-floating weather conditions.