创新玉米自交系应用潜力研究

Study on Application Potential of Innovative Maize Inbred Lines

用20个创新玉米自交系和3个优良自交系按20×3不完全双列杂交组配成60个组合,分析了20个自交系的小区产量等9个农艺性状的一般配合力,并对各性状的遗传参数进行了估计。结果表明,泰系1、泰系7和泰系8这3个自交系综合性状较好,以其作为亲本进行杂交,易培育出性状优良、产量高的杂交组合。所研究性状杂种优势的表现都主要受加性基因的控制,但在株高性状非加性效应的作用也不能忽视。9个性状中小区产量、株高、穗位高和行粒数受环境影响较大。在育种过程中,穗长、百粒重和轴粗3个性状要注重早代选择,小区产量、株高和行粒数性状宜进行晚代选择。

By using the 20 innovative inbred lines and 3 inbred lines of maize ,60 crosses were made according to incomplete diallel crosses of 20 × 3 to study on general combining ability and its genetic parameters of 9 traits, such as grain yield etc... The result indicated that the inbred lines of Taixi 1, Taixi 7 and Taixi 8 with good comprehensive character,so it can breed better hybrid cultivar as a parent. The heterosis expression of all trait studied are mainly controlled by additive gene action but the non-additive gene action are important in plant height ,Yield per trial plot,plant height,ear position and grain number row those are obviously influenced by environment. In maize breeding program,ear length,cob diameter and weight per 100 grain should be selected in early generation,but grain yield,plant height and grain number row should be selected in later generation.