围栏、草原荒漠化与放牧制度的关系

Relationship among Enclosing Fence,Grasslands Desertification and Grazing Regime

就围栏措施和制度因素对草原的沙化作用进行分析,认为围封不利用的草地并未达到顶极群落,反而使草地植物结构趋向单一,生物多样性水平降低,生态系统呈现退化现象.围封不利用的草地,往往使生态平衡遭到破坏,最终还会导致生物产量的下降.从放牧制度来看,由于游牧变为定居、不合理的围栏、不合理的引种(改良)导致荒漠化以及开垦草原加速了草原荒漠化.

The influence of enclosing fence system and related grazing regime on pasture desertification was analyzed. It was believed that the pure enclosing fence without reasonable utilization of the grasslands resources would not lead the grassland ecotype to reach climax community, while it would cause simplification of the grasslands plant structure, reduction of biodiversity and degradation of pasture ecosystem. It was proposed that turning nomadism to settlement, irrational enclosing fence and inappropriate introduction of exotic plant species to the natural pasture ecosystem would lead the pasture desertification, reclaiming the grasslands for agriculture purpose would speed up the desertification process on the grasslands ecosystem.