非物质文化遗产的界定

On the Definition of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

目前,无论在理论还是实践中,对非物质文化遗产的界定均存在分歧,而合理界定其内涵和范围,对于中国将来制定相关立法具有积极意义。以国际公约和国家、地方有关规定为基础,通过比较分析,认为"非物质文化遗产"应被定义为各族人民世代相承的、与群众生活密切相关的各种传统文化表现形式和文化空间等具有社会进步性的活态文化遗产。其范围包括:(1)民间文学艺术;(2)民间传统知识及实践;(3)文化空间;(4)其他需要保护的非物质文化遗产。同时,对非物质文化遗产与相关概念进行了辨析,力求进一步明确非物质文化遗产的内涵。

At present, there are different opinions on the definition of intangible cultural heritage in both theory and practice. A reasonable definition of intangible cultural heritage is of positive significance to the enactment of relevant legislation in the future in China. Based upon the comparative analysis of relevant provisions of international conventions, national and local regulations, this paper defines the ＂intangible cultural heritage＂ as the living cultural heritage of various traditional forms of cultural expression and cultural space which are conducive to the social progress and closely related to the life of people of all ethnic groups and have been handed down from generation to generation. Its scope includes： 1） folklore, 2） civil traditional knowledge and practice, 3） cultural space and 4） other forms of intangible cultural heritage which need to be protected. Meanwhile, an analysis of the intangible cultural heritage and other related concepts has been made so as to further define the contents of intangible cultural heritage.