虾类种质资源研究进展

Advances in studies on germplasm of shrimp

概述了虾类种质资源鉴定和遗传育种研究的进展情况,主要包括应用形态学、同工酶、DNA标记等技术在虾类基因组DNA多态性的检测、物种及品种的分类鉴定,亲缘关系及分子标记辅助育种中的研究和应用。形态学研究易于开展,广泛使用在研究和生产上;同工酶研究操作简便,能在一定程度上反映基因多态性;DNA标记可以准确反映不同种群的遗传变异和遗传多样性,目前被广泛使用。但形态学研究缺乏量化指标,同工酶技术反映的多态性较少,DNA标记不能直接和生产相结合,因此多种标记相结合在虾类种质资源研究中具有广阔的应用前景。

The paper summarizes the research trends of germplasm, heredity and breeding of shrimp,including morphology, isozyme,DNA markers techniques and their use in DNA polymorphism detection,species and strain identification,genetic diversity and molecular marker-assisted selection. Morphological characteristics can be easily developed and are broadly used in researches and aquaculture. Isozyme technique is easily operated,and can reflect the polymorphism of gene in a certain extent. DNA markers can exactly reflect mutation and genetic variability within and among species. However,morphological characteristics lack quantitative criteria,isozyme technique reflects less polymorphism than other molecular markers,DNA markers can not associate directly with culture traits. Multi-marker system will be powerful in germplasm research of shrimp.