芥菜型油菜和黑芥与诸葛菜属间杂种的获得及其特性

Production and Characterization of Intergeneric Hybrids between Brassica Species(B. juncea,B. nigra) and Orychophragmus violaceus by Ovary Culture

属间远缘杂交是创造新种质、解决育种材料短缺的一种有效方法。为了使诸葛菜的优良基因转入芥菜型油菜和黑芥中,采用子房培养技术,进行芥菜型油菜和黑芥与诸葛菜的正反属间杂交。在6种不同的培养基中培养子房。结果表明,不同的杂交组合、培养基和母本的属间杂交可交配性不同。通过子房培养,获得了10株属间杂种,其中9株在形态上近似母本,或介于父母本之间,尤嫩斯与诸葛菜杂交组合的1株杂种表现出完全的雄性不育,并在分枝类型和叶型方面表现出明显的变异;形态学和SSR分子生物学鉴定表明10株杂种都是真正的属间杂种。

Intergeneric hybridization is an available way to create new germplasm and enrich breeding materials. The reciprocal crosses have been made between Brassica species and Orychophragmus violaceus with the objective of carrying out desirable genes transfer from O. violaceus to B. juncea by ovary culture technique. The ovaries were cultured on 6 different culture media, and great differences on the intergeneric crossability were found among cross combinations, media and female parents. Hybrid plants were obtained through ovary culture, 9 of which were similar to female parent B. juncea or the intermediate type between male and female parents in morphology. Only one plant from Younensi x O. violaceus was completely male sterile, and showed significant variation for branching pattern and leaf morphology. Morphological and SSR molecular identifications showed these hybrids were truly intergeneric hybrids.