从猎取到饲养：人类对付猛兽方式之演变

Evolution of Way of Treatment of Human to Wild Beasts from Hunting to Breeding in Captivity

距今1万年前,中国大地上的真正主人是凶猛的野兽——虎、豹、熊、狼等,它们分布广泛,数量可观。人类在对付野兽方面大致经历了自卫、狩猎、为了交易而猎取这3个阶段。中国民间很早就流传着使用各种动物的肢体、器官,用于人体后具有特别神奇的疗效和功用的说法,导致古人在获取动物活体后对其无以复加的利用。获利、除害这两种动机支持了人类数千年,凶猛的野生兽类动物为之大大减少,对于人类而言,这意味着剪除了威胁,人类成长为大地的主人;对于一个文明社会来说,这终究具有很大的缺憾。1752年在欧洲出现的动物园,标志着凶猛的野生动物开始进入被迫饲养的阶段,进入近代的中国也是如此,猛兽在动物园的铁笼里延续其生活,这是目前仍然可行的一种方式。

10000 years agu, wild beasts, such as tigers, leopards, bears, wolves and so on were real masters on Chinese earth, with their wide distribution and considerable quantities. After haman came to this earth, the relationship between haman and wild beasts progressed through 3 stages of hunting： self- defense hunting, hunting for traditional usage and hunting for trade and profit. Among the people of China, since ancient period, organs and tissue of wildlife were used as pharmaceutic in Chinese medicine, so that profit and elimination of their harm supported haman to hunting them, causing them to decrease greatly in number.The threat to human was eliminated and human became to be the master of the earth. Yet for a civilized society, the disappearance of wild beasts was very regrettable. In 1752, zoo appeared in Europe, then in China also, beasts in captivity became the only possible way to protect for their survival.