高油油菜品种中油杂11的分子辅助选育及广适应性

Molecular Assisted Breeding and Adaptability Analysis of Zhongyouza 11 with High Oil Content

【目的】利用现代生物技术提高油菜育种效率,培育高产油量广适应性新品种,提升中国油菜品种的技术水平和产业的核心竞争力。【方法】利用陕2A细胞质雄性不育为授粉控制系统,经杂交、测交和回交,并结合分子标记遗传距离评估预测杂种优势等方法选育甘蓝型油菜杂交种中油杂11,并对其产量、含油量和稳定性进行鉴定。【结果】中油杂11具有高含油量、高产、稳产、优质、适应性广等特点,其含油量在中国冬油菜主产区长江上、中和下游3个生态区稳定在43%以上,高的年份(2003～2004年度)可达46%以上。在湖北省区域试验中,平均产量为2853kg·ha-1,比对照中双6号增产11.34%。在全国的长江上、中、下游油菜品种区域试验中平均产量分别为2405.7,2697.3和2770.2kg·ha-1,比各区的对照品种分别增产11.52%,12.9%和14.92%,均达极显著水平;以产油量计算,分别达到1083.3,1210.2和1224.8kg·ha-1,比对照分别增加29.42%,27.65%和20.98%。【结论】利用SSR结合SRAP分子标记估算油菜亲本间的遗传距离,可以较好地预测杂种优势,从而增加杂交种配制的目的性,有效提高杂交油菜育种的效率。

[Objective] The increase of breeding efficiency and development of new varieties with high oil yield and wide adaptability ensure the elevation of competitive power of rapeseed varieties and industry. [Method ] Using a three-line system of Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility, a rapeseed hybrid variety Zhongyouza 11 with high grain yield, high oil content, wide adaptability and good quality was developed by the combination of traditional methods and a molecular marker assisted breeding technique. [Result] The oil content of Zhongyouza 11 is steadily above 43 % in the three ecological regions along Yangtze River valley reaches which is the largest winter oilseed production area in China. The highest oil content of Zhongyouza 11 reached 46.68% （in the upper reach of Yangtze River valley in 2003-2004）, which is the highest among all lines involved in the national regional oilseed rape variety trials. In the yield trials in Hubei province, the average yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 853 kg·ha^-1 （2002-2004）, over yielding the control variety Zhongshuang 6 by 11.34%. In the national trials, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 405.7 kg·ha^-1, 2 697.3 kg·ha^-1 and 2 770.2 kg·ha^-1 in the upper, middle and lower reach regions, over yielding the respective control varieties by 11.52%, 12.9% and 14.92%, respectively, in 2003-2005. Both the high oil content and high grain yield contributed to the high oil yield of Zhongyouza 11. The oil yield of Zhongyouza 11 in the national trials reached 1 083.3 kg·ha^-1, 1 210.2 kg·ha^-1, 1 224.8 kg·ha^-1, over yielding the respective controls by 29.42%, 27.65% and 20.98%, respectively, in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River valley. The highest oil yield reached 1369.65 kg·ha^1 （in the middle reach of Yangtze River valley, 2003-2004）, increased by 46.21% compared to the control. The experimental sites distributed widely along the Yangtze River valley covering most of Chinese winter rapeseed production area. Among 89 experimental location/years, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 surpassed the controls at 77 of them in the trials, indicating wide adaptability of this variety. Zhongyouza 11 has become the only one that passed the national regional trials of all three regions along the Yangtze River valley in the same year by 2005. It is also the first oilseed rape variety that contains oil exceeding 46% that passed the national regional trials. [Conclusion] This study shows that heterosis prediction by the estimation of genetic distance between parental lines using SSR and SRAP markers is an efficient way for the reduction of tedious field trials and the acceleration of breeding procedure.