五四“启蒙”文学功利性的传统文化资源

The cultural resources of the literary utilitarianism of the May 4th enlightenment

五四文学具用鲜明的功利性特征,这一特征深烙着中国文化传统的印记。中国文人身上固有的"国家兴亡,匹夫有责"的政治参与意识、中国文化中的教化传统以及古代文学的社会功利传统,使五四文学从一开始就是被当作思想启蒙的最为直接、最为有效的工具。这种文学的功利价值观虽然被"纯文学"的要求排斥,但无疑又是新文学的强有力的共识。五四文学的独立性几乎就成为一个虚拟的存在,"为艺术而艺术"最终走向了对功利性的皈依。因而,文学的社会性特征才是五四文学的最主要特征。

The May 4th literature is of clear utilitarianism, which imprints the Chinese traditional cultures. Chinese intellectuals inherently acquire the political participation of the national salvation, educational heritage of the Chinese culture, and social utilitarianism of the classic literature. All this enables the May 4th Movement to be most immediate and effective tool to spread the ideational enlightenment. The literary utilitarianism is repulsive to the pure literature, but attractive to the new literature. So, the social property of the literature is the most significant feature of the May 4th literature.