西北干旱区脆弱景观的生态整治对策

COUNTERMEASURES FOR ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF FRAGILE LANDSCAPE IN NORTHWEST ARID AREA

西北干旱区是中国景观脆弱性程度较高的地区，本文从自然背景和社会背景两个方面探讨了西北干旱区景观脆弱性的成因，并试图寻求景观整治的合理对策。研究结果表明，人类开发活动中的某些失误，包括对干旱区景观自身的规律性认识不足；绿洲开发有较大的不合理性；开发工作缺乏区域尺度的协调；荒漠景观破坏严重等；均为影响干旱区景观稳定性的重要因素。西北干旱区的景观整治工作应采取如下措施：①建立大系统综合平衡的生态保护战略；②选择新的农业发展模式，促进环境与经济协调发展；③制定节约型的水资源开发战略；④控制人口规模，提高人口素质；⑤建立生态环境预警系统；

The northwest arid area is specially related to fragile landscape in China. In this paper, the causes of the landscape fragility were mainly studied, namely, natural background and social background, and some suitable measures for landscape rehabilitation of the area were identified. Results indicate that irrational human activities are the main factors affecting the landscape stability of the arid area. These factors include the inadequate recognition of regularity of landscape of this region by humans, unreasonable exploitation activities of oasis, lack of regional coordination in land use patterns, and the series of destruction of desert landscape. Based on the study results, the following measures should be used for landscape rehabilitation of the northwest arid area; 1) setting up macrosystematic, comprehensive, stable, and ecological protection tactics; 2) choosing new agricultural production methods; 3) promoting coordinated development and economy; 4) formulating frugal strategies for water resource exploitation; 5) controlling the size and raising the quality of human population; 6) saving the dangerous landscape types.