国内外灾害数据信息共享现状研究

A Study on the Present Status of Disaster Data and Information Sharing at Home and Abroad

以互联网灾害数据库节点资料为基础,系统调研国内外已建成的40多个灾害数据库,从灾害数据库名称、数据尺度、灾害类型、维护机构、时间跨度、检索条件、数据来源、查询结果、收录标准等方面加以分类、对比,研究灾害数据信息共享建设现状。研究表明:国外尤其是发达国家灾害数据信息共享程度较高,灾害数据库建设较为规范;国内灾害数据信息共享在数据来源可靠性控制、收录数据标准界定、数据管理范式研究等方面有待改善。未来我国灾害数据共享建设应在对数据管理的体制、机制和法制等全面部署基础上,充分利用地理数据互操作技术、计算机网格技术、基于互联网的分布式地理信息、数据共享模式及基于W eb Service的数据共享模式等新技术,以提高我国防灾减灾技术水平。

Based on statistics of the disaster database in Internet, 40 national and international disaster databases about the titles, data scale, the types of disaster, maintaining organization, time scale, search conditions, data resources, search results and the data standards are surveyed systematically. By classifying and contrasting, it is found that the degree of the disaster data information sharing and disaster database standardizing is higher abroad, especially in developed countries, while the level of normalizing and standardizing of internal disaster database is lower especially in the reliability of data sources, data standards defined and data management paradigm study. In the future, the setup, mechanism and legal system need to be developed and perfected. The Interoperability of geography data, gridding technology, the pattern of Distributed Geographic Information and Data Sharing and WEB Service technology would be made the best to improve disaster mitigation level of our country.