社区牙周指数和全口逐牙检查两种牙周状况调查方法比较

Comparison of two methods in the survey of periodontal status

目的:通过对样本人群牙周状况的调查,比较社区牙周指数(CPI)牙所反映的牙周状况与全口逐牙检查所反映的牙周状况是否存在差异。方法:采用单纯随机、等容量抽样方法,随机抽取郑州市中原区建西社区及棉西社区35～44岁青壮年共350名,男女均等。用CPI探针对样本人群的CPI指数牙和全口牙分别进行牙周状况的检查,记录牙龈出血、牙结石、浅牙周袋、深牙周袋4项指标,并分析比较区段检出率。结果:CPI指数牙检查方法和全口检查方法对4项指标的检出率分别为:牙龈出血71.29%vs81.57%(P<0.05);牙结石:83.00%vs86.71%(P>0.05);浅牙周袋29.48%vs36.00%(P<0.05);深牙周袋5.67%vs8.00%(P<0.05)。结论:WHO推荐的CPI指数牙在牙结石的检出中具有代表性,可以正确反映人群的患病情况,而在牙龈出血、浅牙周袋、深牙周袋的调查中结果出现偏差,易漏检,低估人群的患病率。建议根据不同目的的调查研究来选用指数牙,在前瞻性研究中应进行全口检查。

Aim： The aim of this study was to assess the representation of the Community Periodontal Index （CPI） teeth. Methods： Data were derived from the Survey of 350 adults from Zhongyuan Jianxi community and Mianxi community, Zhengzhou, Henan province, including 175 females and 175 males. Periodontal conditions were evaluated between CPI teeth and full-mouth examination respectively. Gingival bleeding, dental calculus, shallow pockets, and deep pockets were recorded. Then the positive rate was compared. Results：There was no significant difference between the two methods on positive rate of dental calculus （ dental calculus ： CPI teeth 83.00% , full-mouth examination 86.71% , P 〉 0.05 ）. Signifi- cant differences could be seen between the two methods on positive rate of gingival bleeding and shallow pockets and deep pockets （gingival bleeding： CPI teeth 71.29% , full-mouth examination 81.57% , P 〈 0.05 ; shallow pockets： CPI teeth 29.48% , full-mouth examination 36.00% , P 〈 0.05 ; deep pockets ： CPI teeth 5.67% , full-mouth examination 8.00% , P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion ： Based on the findings of this study, the examined teeth by CPI are representative on the dental calculus, but as for gingival bleeding shallow pockets and deep pockets, the positive rate are lower than the actual rate. Suggestion ： According to the conclusion of the study, CPI index teeth may be selected to substitute for the full-mouth examination to assess the prevalence and severity of chronic periodontal disease, but full-mouth examination should be carried out in prospectve study.