我国慈善事业发展中的政府作用分析--基于中美比较的借鉴与启示

An Analysis of the Role of Government in China's Philanthropy——A Sino-US Comparative Study

经过多年的发展,我国慈善事业在取得了积极成绩的同时仍面临许多问题。本文从政府在慈善事业发展中的角色定位及作用入手,比较了中美两国慈善事业发展的现状与政府作用。我国慈善事业发展的历程集中体现了政府对慈善事业发展的主导作用,政府充当了慈善事业的组织者、运营者和资助者的角色;美国政府与慈善组织结为"事业伙伴"关系,发挥着倡导者、合作者、管理监督者、法律保障者的作用。由于历史、社会文化、宗教影响、法律环境等因素,中美政府在发展本国慈善事业中采取的措施与发挥的作用既有相似点又存有差异。借鉴美国的成功经验,中国慈善事业发展的核心问题就是要理顺政府与慈善的关系,政府在促进慈善事业发展中的作用应体现在引导、监督和保障方面。

This article has compared the role of govenment in philanthropy between China and the United States . It concludes that Chinese government has played a critical role in its philanthropic undertaking. It plays the role of organizer, operator, and financier. While at the same time, the US government emphasizes the development of collaborative relationships with philanthropic organizations. It plays the role of advocator, collaborator, supervisor, and legal protector. The successful experiences in the United States has a lot to offer in the way of how government should engage itself in social charity and philanthropic activities.