古代中国与朝鲜的“气”哲学传统比较

Comparison of Qi Theory Tradition between Ancient China and Korea

在中国,元气自然论在王充以后,受魏晋玄学思辩哲学的压抑一度发展低迷,到北宋张载时走向高峰而发展为元气本体论,后又受程朱"理"论的排挤,一度衰微。300年后,王廷相、王夫之的气论又形成发展高潮。在朝鲜,确立气一元论哲学的徐敬德之后,气哲学传统就表现为主理主气之争、唯理唯气之争,最终由崔汉绮总集成。中国的气论主要作为宇宙本根论,道器、形而上、形而下等范畴始终成为诠释的中心。朝鲜的气论则更多地是对心、性、情等伦理本体的探讨,故主要围绕理气、心性、善恶等概念进行了研究。

In China, the history of Qi Theory can be divided into four periods. After Wang Cong, Yuan Qi Natural Theory was under the repression of Wei - Jin Metaphysics Philosophical Thinking and showed a trend of downbeat. The second period was Northern Song Dynasty. By the time of Zhang Zai, the theory reached its peak and known as Yuan Qi Ontology. In the third period, it was supplanted by Cbeng Zhu＇s Reason Theory and tended to decadency. Then, after three hundred years, Wang Ting - xiang and Wang fu - zhi made the Theory reach a climax again. In Korea, after Xu Jing- de -the representative of Qi Monism Theory, Qi Theory was marked by the debate between Reason - oriented and Qi - oriented, and the debate between Reason - unique and Qi - unique. Finally, it was collectod by Cui Han - yi. Qi Theory in China, as a kind of Onto -cosmology, always puts the category of Taoism and utensil, metaphysics, physics into the center of interpretation, while Qi Theory in Korea mainly discusses on the ethic reality of heart , nature and feeling, so the research has been mainly Carried on the notion of Reason-oriented and Qi - oriented, heart and nature, good and evil, etc.