波形梁半刚性护栏与汽车碰撞的仿真

Numerical simulation on crash between W-beam semi-rigid guardrail system and vehicle

对一个给定的波形梁半刚性护栏结构设计进行耐撞性评价.采用大型有限元软件ABAQUS,模拟了汽车碰撞波形梁半刚性护栏的动态响应,研究了碰撞过程中护栏的最大侧向水平位移和护栏系统的吸能特性,分析了影响护栏耐撞性的各种因素.护栏在碰撞过程中通过变形吸收了总动能损失的30.8%的能量,对小轿车起到了很好的导向作用.通过改变汽车的重心高度,对原有设计提出了优化建议.用数值方法对车轮与地面的摩擦系数对耐撞性的影响进行了模拟.仿真计算的结果与全尺寸试验结果进行了比较,二者的趋势基本吻合,表明仿真结果的有效性.

In order to estimate the crashworthiness of a given design of W-beam semi-rigid guardrail system, ABAQUS software was used in simulating the dynamic behavior of the semi-rigid guardrail systems subjected to vehicular impact. Maximum lateral horizontal displacements, properties of energy absorbing and various influence factors on crashworthiness were studied. The simulating results show that the guardrail system can absorb 30. 8 % kinetic energy loss occurred in the crash process through deformation, and thus can effectively contain and redirect an errant car. By changing height of centroid of vehicles, the design of the guardrail system was optimized. The influence of the frictional coefficient between ground surface and vehicles was also investigated numerically. The comparison between experimental phenomena and simulating results proves the effectiveness of the numerical simulation.