城市生态位理论及其应用

Urban Niche Theory and It's Application

重新界定城市生态位的概念,将城市生态位定义为:在城市群的背景下,城市生命体从其城市群所在区域中所能获得的各种自然资源、生产资本、人力资源和社会资源等各种资源的综合,包括各种资本或资源的数量和类型及其在空间上和时间上的变化。从而为分析城市之间的相互作用提供新的视角。通过对城市生态位的时间轴线上的演变与城市间生态位的分异进行分析,探寻城市群的结构变化过程,研究城市间生态位的分异对资源利用的影响。通过京津冀城市群的案例分析表明:京津冀城市群中,北京市和天津市极化作用明显,城市间生态位两极分化严重,中心城市的经济扩散作用体现不够充分,极化作用过强抑制了其它城市生态位的扩展,并且导致了中心城市大量占用水资源,从而抑制其它城市发展。

In this article, urban Niche is newly defined as the integration of all resources to be obtained from the urban agglomeration, such as natural resource, production capital, human resource and social resource. It includes the quantity, types and spatial-temporal change of all resources. And it brings a new angle of view to analyze the interactions among cities. Through timely change and variance of urban Niche, the construction change and resources use among cities are analyzed. In the case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, it indicates that the polarization effect in Beijing and Tianjin are very obvious and the difference among cities is very serous. There is little diffuse effect so that excessive polarization effect hold back extending of other cities＇ Nicle, and result in water resource being excessively consumed by central cities, thus restricting development of other cities.