我国生态补偿制度建设的突出问题与重大战略对策

Key Problems of Eco-compensation System Building in China and Strategies for Resolving Them

30年的改革开放带来了中国经济的空前繁荣。但是,在繁荣的背后则是沉重的生态环境代价和区域不公平性问题。在以人为本、构建和谐社会的主旋律下,尽快建立健全生态补偿制度,已经成为促进人与自然、人与人和谐共处和社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。事实上,我国于20世纪80年代初期就开始了对生态补偿的探索,经过近20年的发展,也积累了一定的经验。但是,总体来看,我国在补偿制度建设、补偿主体确定、补偿标准、融资等方面,都还没有形成一套完整的体系与方法,生态补偿措施尚没有在我国的和谐社会建设中发挥应有的作用。鉴于此,本文在对目前生态补偿存在突出问题进行深入分析并参考相关国际经验基础上,提出了全面建立生态补偿制度的战略对策。即加快立法进程,为生态补偿制度建设保驾护航;明确生态环境问题的轻重缓急,有序拓展生态补偿制度建设;加强生态补偿关键问题研究,为补偿工作开展提供科技支撑;建立多元化的投融资渠道,使生态补偿能得到持续的资金支持。

The Chinese economy is developing rapidly since the reform and opening-up policy in 1978. However, China paid heavy environmental costs for its economy booming, and a series of social problems also been induced during the last three decades, especially regional inequlity. At present, building a harmonious society is the main objective of Chinese government, and we should make great efforts to promote harmonious development between people and nature as well as people and people. Implementing eco-compeusation has been proven effective for achieving the objective. In fact, Chinese government has begun exploring for establishing eco-compeasation system since the beginning of 1980＇ s and has accumulated some experiences until to now. But eco-compeasation system in China is still unpeffected and hasn＇ t played an important role in building a harmonious society and promoting sustainable development. An integrated and effective methodology system is still not formed and there are still many problems in Chinese eco-compeasation system at present. The eco-compeasation pehcies are defectiveness, the compensation scope is too narrow, the compensation level is unreasonable, and the funds mainly come from central government and little funds provided by public. Based on these problems and experiences from other countries, this article gave some suggestions to perfect Chinese eco-compeasation system： develop eco-compeasation under the umbrella of laws; make an implementing order of eco-compensation based on Chinese economic development and situation; strengthen scientific researches on key problems restricted eco-compensation system building; establish multiple fund collecting channels, for instance, imposing environmental tax, and develop ecological product market and so on.