不同粮食分区间的耕地保护外部性补偿机制研究

Mechanism Research on Cultivated Land Preservation Exterior Between Different Sub-grain Areas

粮食安全事关国计民生、社会安定,耕地保护的外部性补偿是协调粮食安全与经济发展的必然选择。本文从耕地保护和粮食安全的外部性出发,通过比较分析方法,将耕地保护的外部性补偿界定在粮食主销区对粮食主产区的经济补偿,旨在建立一套切实可行的补偿途径机制,实现粮食产销区优势互补,共同发展。①粮食主销区的土地产出效率高于粮食主产区,因而具有对主产区进行经济补偿的现实条件和意愿;②通过GDP增长提成、机会成本税及市场调节的途径,可能为粮食主销区和粮食主产区所接受,从而实现基于粮食安全的耕地保护外部性的有效补偿;③在补偿机制运作上,要合理界定税费收交主体与额度,制定可行的征收办法。由于粮食主产区在补偿博奕中的弱势地位,要强化基于市场途径的产销区补偿中政府的调控作用。

Food ＇safety concerns the national economy and the people＇s livelihood, social stability. The cultivated land preservation exterior compensation is an inevitable choice of coordinating food security and economy development. Based on cultivated lands preservation and food safety and methods of comparative analysis, the paper defined cultivated land preservation exterior compensation as economic compensation that the grain marketing-oriented area compensates to the grain producing-oriented area, aiming at setting up an feasible compensation mechanism, having complementary advantages between the grain marketing-oriented area and the grain producing-oriented area, and achieving common development. Basing on settling the contradiction between food security and economy development, set up the theoretical model of theoretical analyse framework and compensation standard that grain marketing-oriented area compensates the grain producing-oriented area for the cultivated lands preservation, deliberated the cultivated lands exterior preservation compensatory methods for the food security and set up relevant compensatory system. ①The land output efficiency of grain marketing-oriented area is higher than grain producing-oriented area, thus it has practical conditions and wishes to compensate the grain producing-oriented area economically. ②Deducting a percentage from GDP growth, opportunity cost taxes and market adjustment approaches may be accepted by grain marketing-oriented area and grain producing- oriented area, and thus, the cultivated lands preservation exterior compensation based on food safety could be realized; ③On operating compensation mechanisms, the principle body of taxes charge and amount should be defined reasonably, the acceptable levy ways should be worked out. For disadvantagons position of the grain producing-oriented area in the compensation game. Government should reinforce its regulating and controlling role in the compensation between grain marketing-producing areas.