共生与过渡:中国水权市场的构架和运行

Coexistence and Transition:Set up the Framework of Chinese Water Property Markets

随着人口增长和经济发展,水资源的不断稀缺引发了中国水权市场培育和建设问题。为了探讨中国水权市场的发育状况和基本特征,明确其未来发展方向,进一步促进我国水资源的利用效率的提高和节水型社会的建设,本文基于新制度经济学和产权经济学的基本理论和分析方法来论证中国水权市场的构架和运行,认为中国水权市场呈现两级三类水权市场共生与过渡的特征,进而从纵向剖析水资源初始产权分配市场和水资源产权的交易市场这两级水市场,认为前者要注重公平性,后者则要注重效率性,又从横向分析了由地区间水权交易市场、部门间水权交易市场和农户间水权交易市场组成的三类水市场,最后提出了中国两级三类水权交易市场构建和运行的对策思路。

With the population growth and economic development, the water recourse of China has become scarcer, which has led to the cultivation and construction of Chinese water proporty markets. In order to diseuss their current condition and basic characteristics, point out their development direction, promote water resource utilization efficiency and build a water-saving society, this paper presents that Chinese water property rights market can be set up as a framework which consists of two vertical levels and three horizontal types, based on the theories and approaches of New Institutional Economics and Property Rights Economics. It points out that this framework shows the characteristics of coexistence and transition. Furthermore, in the vertical sense, it studies the original water distribution market and the water trade market. In the horizontal ssense, it studies the cross-region water trade market, the cross-section water trade market and the water trade market between farmers. Then it gives the basic thoughts for setting up and operating this framework.