重庆方言“得(dei)”来源考察

Exploration of the Origin of Chinese Character "dei (得)" in Chongqing Dialect

重庆方言"得(dei)"可作方位介词表示"在"、"到"的意义,这种用法也见于中、近古时期汉语的一些书面语言。"得"的介词用法并非源自"在/到"的轻音化形式,亦非由"到"或"著"的音变所致。其来源路径当是:"得"放在"给与"类动词后,因"施受同辞"引申为动词"给",然后虚化为引进对象的介词。随着使用范围的扩大,"得"作介词又进一步用在"动词+得+处所名词"的格式中,语境促成了方位介词"得"的产生。

Chongqing dialect ＂dei＂ can be used as position proposition which means ＂zai ＂, ＂dao＂. This usage can be found in written language of ancient Chinese. The origin of this usage is not from the sound change of ＂zai/dao （在/到）＂ and ＂dao / zhu（到/著）＂. Originally, ＂dei＂ is put behind the verbs of ＂giving＂ and extended as verb ＂gei（给）＂ according to the identity of doing and done, then grammaticalized into a proposition. Further, proposition ＂dei＂ is used in the structure of ＂verb＋ dei＋ position proposition＂, thus the context generates the position proposition of＂dei＂.