宁夏两市儿童乙肝血清流行病学抽样调查分析

Analysis on twice seroepidemiological sample survey of hepatitis B for children in Ningxia

目的了解15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染和免疫状况的变化趋势。方法2006年与1991年乙肝血清流行病学调查,均采用整群分层随机抽样的方法,抽取宁夏两市15岁以下儿童,检测血清HBsAg和抗-HBs等指标(ELISA法),将两次调查结果分析比较。结果两次血清流行病学调查HBV总流行率、HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。HBV总流行率从1991年54.67%下降到2006年23.57%。15岁以下人群HBsAg阳性率从1991年的13.62%已降至2006年的2.63%,抗-HBs阳性率从1991年的19.84%升高到2006年的65.58%。结论实施乙肝疫苗计划免疫15年后,宁夏儿童乙肝免疫保护屏障得到了显著增强,乙肝病毒感染得到了有效控制。

Objective To find the trend of infection with hepatitis B virus and immunization changes in the group under the age of 15 in Ningxia. Methods The method of Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis B, being same in 1991 and 2006, was Cluster stratified random sampling which was adopted to select samples in the children under the age of 15 years. ELISA was adopted to test indictors including HBsAg, Anti - HBs and so on. The results of serological survey compare with that of 1991 in Ningxia. Results The prevalence of HBV, HBsAg, Anti - HBs and Anti - HBc positive rates of two seroepidemiological survey were statistically significant. HBV prevalence rate of 54.67% in 1991 reduced to 23.57% in 2006. HBsAg positive rate of people under 15 years of age dropped from 13. 62% in 1991 to 2.63% in 2006. Anti - HBs positive rate of 19.84% in 1991 increased to 65.58% in 2006. Conclusion 15 years after planning immunization, protection barriers of hepatitis B immunization of children in Ningxia have been significantly strengthened, hepatitis B virus infection has been effectively controlled.