橡胶盔蚧生物学特性研究

Bionomics of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner of Rubber

橡胶盔蚧（Parasaissetia nigra Nietner）近年来在西双版纳地区对橡胶树造成严重危害。本试验采用田间定株观察和人工气候箱饲养的方法，对其生物学特性及温度对橡胶盔蚧卵发育的影响进行了研究，为该害虫的预测预报及化学防治提供理论依据。结果表明：橡胶盔蚧在西双版纳地区没有越冬现象，1年发生4代，各代历期变化为60～110d，每雌平均产卵1345粒。在18～32℃范围内，该虫卵的发育历期与温度呈显著的负相关（r=-0．9781^＊＊＊），36℃时卵不能孵化。卵的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为13．40℃和69．76日·度。最佳防治适期为从当年第1代初孵若虫始盛期即2月下旬到4月上旬低龄若虫高峰期结束，每10d进行1次药剂防治，连续防治4～5次。

Parasaissetia nigra Nietner has recently caused severe damage to rubber in Xishuangbanna. Biological characteristics of P. nigra and the influence of temperature to the growth of its egg were studied by the field survey and laboratory experiments, which provided a theoretical basis for the forecast and chemical control of the pest. The results showed that P. nigra had no overwinter phenomenon and appeared 4 generations per year in Xishuangbanna. Duration of each generation varied from 60 to 110 days in field. Generally, a female adult laid 1 345 eggs averagely. The developmental duration of P. nigra egg decreased significantly with the increase of temperature from 18 ℃ to 32 ℃, but it could not hatch at the average temperature of 36 ℃. The temperature threshold of P. nigra egg was 13.40 ℃, and the effective temperature was 69. 76 day-degrees. The suitable controlling period was from 1 st instar nymph beginning prime season of 1 st generation of the same year to the end of the peak of low instar nymph, i. e. from late February to early April, chemical control was carried on 1 time every 10 days, totally for 4 - 5 consecutive times.