玉米耐低磷种质资源的筛选与鉴定

Screening and Identification for Tolerance to Low Phosphorus Stress of Maize Germplasm Resources

大田种植条件下,在四川两个生态地区鉴定了76份玉米自交系的耐低磷能力。通过对主要农艺、经济性状耐低磷系数的变异系数、变异范围、平均值及其性状间的相关分析,结果表明子粒产量、株高、茎粗可作为玉米耐低磷基因型筛选和评价的指标。根据上述指标,发现178、RP125、99S2052-1、99S2052-2、2396等8个自交系在两试验点都表现出较好的耐低磷特性;978-2、郑58、9508B等21个自交系在两试验点都表现出低磷敏感特性;4783411-1、LC995、01S43、0922-3、S28等17个自交系对低磷胁迫的反应不稳定。研究发现玉米对低磷胁迫的反应易受温度、光照等环境因素的影响,并提出综合运用大田初筛与盆栽复筛、多年多点筛选以及分子水平上的鉴定是获得耐低磷基因型的必要途径。

At two ecological places, 76 maize inbred lines were selected to evaluate the genotypie difference of tolerance to low phosphorus stress under field condition. By the analysis on the low phosphorus tolerance coefficients in main traits, grain yield, plant height and stem width could be used as indexes of identification for tolerance to low phosphorus of maize inbred line. According to the above indexes,8 maize inbred lines including 178, RP125,99S2052-1,99S2052-2 and 2396 were the genotypes with tolerance to low phosphorus, 21 maize inbred lines including 978-2,Zheng 58 and 9508B were sensitive to low phosphorus stress, 15 inbred lines including 4783411- 1, LC995,01S43,0922-3 and S28 showed instability on tolerance to low phosphorus at two places. The study also showed that the maize tolerance to low phosphorus could be affected easily by environment factors such as temperature,sun etc, so it was necessary to get maize genotypes with stabile tolerance to low-phosphorus under different conditions.