糖尿病治疗新进展——胰岛细胞移植

Transplantation of Islet Cell: A Novel Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus

随着医学科学的发展和生物学技术的进步,胰岛细胞移植已经被认为是治疗1型糖尿病的一种有效方法。技术上首先要解决好移植物的来源、提取和储存。同时,将移植物导入体内的技术也在不断发展,介入放射学技术发挥了非常重要的作用。研究发现,移植后受体的高血糖明显降低,并能在较长时期保持在正常水平。但胰岛细胞移植后,同样面临移植排斥反应,而在应用免疫抑制剂后又可能引起肝小静脉病等不良反应。利用磁共振和光学成像对标记后的胰岛细胞进行显像,对移植后的胰岛细胞在活体内进行追踪,了解其分布和存活,对于长期监测其功能、改进移植技术和免疫调节方法也很重要。目前面临的问题终将逐一得到解决,胰岛细胞移植很有希望成为治愈糖尿病的方法。

Along with the development of medical science and advances in biotechnology, transplantation of islets has been recognized as an effective method to cure Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In respect of the techniques, the first step is to solve the problems of the availability, extraction and storage of the graft. By the way of interventional approaches, islets are transplanted into the body after extracting them from different kinds of sources. Research found that insulin-independent euglycemia could be obtained for a relatively long time in the subjects. But the paradoxical situation ofimmunosuppression and the incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease have to be faced after transplantation. Labeled islet cells can be followed up in vivo to determine its distribution and possible survival by magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging, which is essential not only for the long-term monitoring of graft function, but also for the improving of transplantation and immunomodulatory methods. All the current problems are to be resolved in the end, and islets transplantation will be a promising method to cure Type 1 diabetes mellitus.