国内器官移植供体不足的伦理原因分析

Ethics reason of organ transplantation donor insufficiency in China

器官移植对于挽救晚期脏器功能衰竭患者的生命具有极其重要的意义,但供体器官的严重不足,成为阻碍器官移植临床应用的最棘手问题。器官移植应用中,主要涉及器官来源和器官分配两大方面。从这两个方面分析器官移植中的社会伦理问题,为帮助人们解放思想,冲破传统观念的束缚,以求最大限度地增加器官来源缓解供求矛盾。在器官来源上存在的伦理问题主要是传统伦理观念和死亡标准问题。对于尸体供体及活体供体均应考虑维护供体利益,体现真正意义的"自愿"。从医学伦理学角度来讲器官分配主要考虑患者的剩余寿命、家庭角色、科研价值、历史回顾与对未来的前瞻。但同时更应该遵守器官移植资源分配的原则(尊重生命原则、效用原则、公平公正原则)。

Organ transplantation plays an extremely important role on the life of patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. Clinical application of organ transplantation is severely restricted due to organ donor insufficiency. Organ transplantation mainly involves organ source and organ assignment. Based on two aspects, we analyze the social ethics in the field of organ transplantation to assist the society emancipate the mind and break out conventional idea, which thus raising the organ sources and relieving supply-require contradiction. As for organ sources, the ethics problems mainly are conventional ethical concept and death standard. Corpse donors and living donors should be taken into consideration about the donors＇ rights, which demonstrates the significance of volunteer. As for the organ assignment, the medical ethical problems include the residual life and family role of the patients, scientific research value, history reviews and future prospect. Meanwhile, assignment principles of organ transplantation should be pain attention, comprising respecting life, utility, fair and justice.