刘易斯模型适用性考察

On the Applicability of Lewis Model

文章考察刘易斯经典模型的适用性,主要结论是:(1)刘易斯经典模型具有简单而又精巧的博弈结构,它大致适用于地主所有制且劳动力过剩的经济。(2)刘易斯经典模型不适用于自耕农制度且劳动力过剩的经济。在流动者与家庭脱离经济关系情形下(刘易斯曾考虑过),两部门工资大于或等于生存工资并在此基础上上升;在流动者与家庭不脱离经济关系情形下,农业部门工资上升而资本主义部门工资波动。(3)在多种农业土地制度并存情形下,经济发展不具备刘易斯经典模型的特征。由于劳动力流动次序由保留工资决定,其结果就是:在劳动力过剩阶段,资本主义部门工资先维持在生存水平上,此后逐步上升。(4)市场化改革以来,中国农业土地制度类似于自耕农制度,城乡分割的户籍制度使非农工作者与家庭很少脱离经济关系,劳动力流动特征与刘易斯经典模型结论也不一致。

The article is on the applicability of Lewis classic model, the major conclusions are as follows： First, Lewis classic model possesses a simple and masterly structure of game, and it can apply to an economy with landlord-tenant system and surplus labor. Second, Lewis classic model cannot apply to an economy with peasant proprietorship and surplus labor. Lewis considered the migrants who divorce from their family and concluded that the wages in two sectors are higher than or equal to subsistence wage and go up; If the migrants did not divorce from his family, the wage in agricultural sector goes up, and the wage in capitalist sector is equal to or higher than institutional wage and fluctuates. Third, if there are all kinds of agricultural land systems in an economy, the economic development features are not as same as Lewis classic model. Since the migration order is decided by labor＇s reservation wage, the results are that in the labor surplus stage the wage in capitalist sector remains at the subsistence level to going up, then gradually increased, and the wage in agricultural sector goes up. Last but not least, since market-oriented reform in China, agricultural land system is similar to peasant proprietorship and household registration system is dual so that non-farm workers do not divorce from their family and economic development features are not as same as Lewis classic model.