外资和外贸创新溢出效应的行业差异分析——基于广州市的实证研究

The Industry Difference of FDI and International Trade Spillover Effects on Patent Innovation: An Empirical Study of Guangzhou

文章分析了出口贸易、内外资部门的独立研发、外资技术溢出对工业部门创新产出的影响以及它们的行业差异。分析后发现在技术创新领域,外资负面的挤出效应超出其本身知识产出的正面作用;内资是否发挥作用的关键在于行业所处市场是否充分竞争和是否重视研发的投入;外资技术溢出效应显著的部门是适宜"看中学"的行业和因为技术差距较大而未与外资直接竞争的企业;出口贸易和干中学拉动创新的关键在于出口的或劳动中所使用的产品是否有较高的技术含量。文章给出了不同行业的技术创新特点并提出有行业针对性的政策建议。

This paper analyzes the industry specific impacts of exporting, independent R＆D of domestic and foreign firms, FDI technology spillover on the innovative output of indigenous industrial sectors. It is found that for technology innovation, the negative crowding-out effects of FDI overweigh its positive knowledge production. The innovative efficiency of domestic firms depends on the adequate competition of the industry market and the industry investment in R＆D. The industrial sectors with significant FDI spillover effects are those industries that are appropriate for learning by observing or those firms that don＇t compete with FDI directly as their technology gaps from FDI are so big. Exporting and learning by doing facilitate innovative capacity when the exporting or producing goods are technologically advanced. The technology innovation characteristics of various industries and policy implications of our search are also discussed.