不同生长型桃树叶片形态解剖结构及其与营养生长的关系

Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Characters of Different Growth Types of Peach Tree and Their Relations with Vegetative Growth

对6种不同生长型桃树的营养生长特征和叶片形态、解剖结构进行了研究，并对营养生长与叶片解剖结构的关系进行了分析。结果表明：不同生长型间在树体高度、枝条节间长度等方面存在显著差异。从树体高度看，矮化型〈紧凑型〈半矮化型〈垂枝型〈普通型；紧凑型的萌芽率（86．1％）和成枝率（78．1％）在所有类型中均是最高的，平均每个母枝可形成近10个中长枝，远高于其它类型；在叶片结构特征方面，普通型的叶片干物质含量最高，其后依次为半矮化型，垂枝型，紧凑型和矮化型，相关分析表明，干物质含量与成枝率之外的其它生长参数均呈正相关，而单位叶面积鲜重与成枝率之外的其它生长参数呈负相关；在解剖结构上，普通型叶片最厚，为194．5μm，紧凑型叶片最薄，叶片组织较疏松；普通型的栅海比（栅栏组织厚度／海绵组织厚度）最小，而矮化型最高，栅海比与树体高度成负相关，与一次枝长呈显著负相关（r=-0．986^＊＊）。叶背气孔密度分布范围为1mm^2 234．1～393．5个，垂枝型最高，半矮化型最低，气孔密度与一次枝粗的相关系数达到极显著水平（r=-0．944^＊＊），而与枝条长度和节间长度的相关系数则较低。

Characters of vegetative growth, leaf morphology and anatomy of six different growth types of peach trees were investigated and the correlations within them were studied. There were significant differences in tree height and branch internode between different growth types of peach. For tree height, the sequence order was as follows ： dwarf type （ DW, var. Ailihong） 〈 compact type （ CT, var. Compact Elberta） 〈 semi-dwarf type （ SD, SD9238 ） 〈 weeping type （ WP, var. Yuanyang Chuizhi） 〈 standard type （ ST, var. Ruignang No. 3）. The highest percentage of bud break （86. 1% ） and branch formation （78.1%） were showed in compact type peach, almost 10 shoots over 10 cm long developed from one branch. Differences in tree architecture were also reflected by the leaf histological characteristics. Among the growth types studied, the standard type had the highest content of dry matter, with SD 〉 WP 〉 CT 〉 DW in turn. There were no significant differences in fresh weight per cm^2 leaf area of all the peach trees. Most vegetative parameters exhibited positive correlation with the content of dry matter, except for branch formation. Standard type had the thickest leaf and the weeping type was on the contrary. There was a significant negative correlation between the ratio of thickness of palisade tissue to leaf thickness and the length of primary branches. The number of stomata on leaf back ranged from 234. 1 to 393.5 per mm^2 leaf area, the weeping type and the semi-dwarf type being the highest and the lowest respectively. The stomata density showed significant negative correlation with diameters of primary branches.