云南省岩溶地区生态修复与草地畜牧业发展的思考

Thought of ecological rehabilitation and development of grassland animal husbandry in Karst region of Yunnan

根据岩溶的形成机理及国内外治理途径、研究方向,在全面分析云南岩溶地区地形地貌的基本特征、社会经济状况的基础上,通过国家重大草业项目"云南省巧家县岩溶地区草地治理试点工程"的实施和取得的初步成果,总结20多年来云南省岩溶地区生态修复与草地畜牧业发展的实践和经验,提出岩溶地区综合治理最主要的措施是发展草地畜牧业;确立了云南岩溶地区生态修复和发展草地畜牧业的主要模式,即滇东、滇北采用"退、改、复"草地生态修复模式,建立以肉牛、肉羊、绵羊为主的草地畜牧业产业带;滇中、滇西采用"封、围、建"草地生态修复模式,建立以肉牛、奶牛为主的草地畜牧业产业带;滇南采用"除、替、引"草地生态修复模式,建立以肉牛、肉羊、奶水牛为主的草地畜牧业产业带。针对存在的困难和问题,建议国家要明确岩溶地区草地生态修复工程,优化创新实用技术等对策措施,全面揭示岩溶地区生态环境问题的本质,实现生态、生活的双改善。

Based on the Karst formation mechanism and research achievements and main characteristics of Karst geography and social economic situation, the practices and experiences in ecological rehabilitation and grassland animal husbandry development in Karst region of Yunnan Province in the last twenty years were summarized through the example ＂Pilot Project of Grassland Improvement in Karst Region of Qiaojia County of Yunnan Province＂. The main models for ecological rehabilitation and development of grassland animal husbandry in Karst region of Yunnan Province could be described as follows： ＂Return, Reform and Rehabilitation＂ model in the east north parts of Yunnan and a industry belt of grassland animal husbandry mainly product beef cattle, meat sheep and ovine establishment; ＂Enclosure by Fencing and Construction＂ model in the middle and the west part of Yunnan to establish a industry belt of grassland animal husbandry mainly producing beef cattle and dairy cattle; ＂Elimination, Substitution and Introduction＂ model in the south part of Yunnan to establish a industry belt of grassland animal husbandry mainly producing beef cattle, meat sheep and dairy buffalo. Aiming at the existing problems, some suggestions at national level were provided as well.