世界历史理论视域中的东方社会发展道路——兼论马克思、恩格斯的“跨越论”

The Developing Road of the Eastern Society in the Perspective of World History Theory——On "Spanning Theory" by Marx and Engels

马克思、恩格斯在晚年探索非资本主义道路的过程中,针对俄国等东方社会保存农村公社的特殊国情,提出了这些国家有可能不通过资本主义制度的"卡夫丁峡谷"而走上社会主义的发展道路。据此,有研究者认为,后来中国等民族国家走上社会主义道路就是马克思、恩格斯"跨越"资本主义制度的"卡夫丁峡谷"思想的具体体现。本文通过对马克思、恩格斯著作的文本分析认为,马克思、恩格斯的这些思想不是所谓"跨越论"旨向的东方社会发展道路,而是其世界历史理论在俄国的具体运用。马克思、恩格斯的世界历史理论为东方落后国家探索社会发展道路提供了方法论启示。

In their late years Marx and Engele pointed out that it was possible for one country to walk into socialism without experiencing capitalism, which aims at the communes in the countryside from Russia and other eastern countries. Later, some scholars-thought that the socialist road China took was a representation of their＂ spanning theory＂. This paper studies this theory and thinks that their theory does not aim at the developing road of eastern countries but a concrete usage in Russia in the world history theory, and this theory also gives some revelation in the exploration of socialist road from the eastern backward countries.