儒道互补及其对中国社会之影响

Complementation of Confucianism and Daoism and Their Influence on Chinese Society

儒道互补奠定了中国人的文化生命形态,铸造了中华民族精神和中国人的国民性,形成了中国人独有的阴阳互动、刚柔相济的中国文化的基本精神。儒道都是"推天道以明人事",只是两家的落脚点不同,儒家在中国社会中起到了动力机制作用,道家起到了平衡机制作用,儒道互补表现为动力机制与平衡机制的对立与统一。儒道均具有宗教的超越性,但与西方的宗教性不同,主要体现在"安身立命"、"终极关怀"和人格的"内在超越"等方面,其内在的根据是道德精神。中西方不同的宗教性对科学、民主和社会政治的演化产生了不同的影响。

The complementation of Confucianism and Daoism establishes the Chinese cultural life form,creates the Chinese national spirit and nationality,shaping the unique interaction between Yin and Yang,hardness and softness in Chinese cultural spirit.While both Confucianism and Daoism interpret human life by means of natural operation regularity,they differ in their stance in which Confucianism plays the role of mechanism of motivating force in Chinese society,and yet Daoism mechanism of balance.Their complementation displays the unity of oppositeness of the two mechanisms.Unlike western religiousness,Confucianism and Daoism are characterized by transcendence of religiousness mainly embodied in the aspects such as'settling done and getting on with one's pursuit','ultimate concern',and'immanent transcendence'of personality,with the moral spirit as their inner basis.This distinction of different religiousness produces dissimilar effect on the evolution of science,democracy and social politics.