朝阳市98例出生缺陷的因素分析

An analysis of related factors of 98 cases of birth defect in Chaoyang city

目的调查出生缺陷的类型，发现影响出生缺陷的可疑因素，为制定预防出生缺陷的措施提供依据；为计生统计部门提供信息。方法收集朝阳市中心医院2002～2007年间发生的98例出生缺陷儿的临床资料进行回顾性科学分析。结果2002～2007年出生缺陷发生率呈逐年上升趋势，经比较有显著性差异（χ^2=28．14，P〈0．01）；出生缺陷的顺位依次为神经管畸形、脑积水、胸腹腔积液、唇腭裂、足内翻；52．1％的出生缺陷与孕期感冒、感染、使用抗感及抗炎药物有关，14．2％与孕早期接触明确的有毒有害物质有关，32．7％的出生缺陷与其他因素有关，35岁及以上的孕妇胎、婴儿出生缺陷发生率明显高于35岁以下者，经比较有显著性差异（χ^2=13．69，P〈0．01）。结论在孕前、孕中、生后认真执行世界卫生组织推荐的三级预防的工作方法对预防出生缺陷工作进行有效的干预，加强优生优育宣传，加强孕期系统管理，事实证明是有效的，同时应该更广泛及深入地开展下去。

Objective To investigate category of birth defects and suspicious influencing factors of birth defects so as to provide scientific basis for working out measures to prevent birth defects and afford information for family planning institutions. Methods The clinical data of 98 neonates with birth defects were analyzed retrospectively. Results The prevalence rate of birth defects was increasing year by year from 2002 to 2007, and the difference was significant （χ^2 = 28.14, P 〈0.01 ）. 52.1% of birth defects were related with common cold and infections of their mothers in the first trimester of gestation and abuse use of antibiotics. 14.2% of them were related with poisonous toxic substances exposure of their mothers in the first trimester of gestation. 32.7% of them were related with some other factors. The rate of defective neonates born by pregnant women aged more than 35 years old was significantly higher than that born by those pregnant women aged less than 35 years old（χ^2 = 13.69, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Performing effective intervention for birth defects according to concrete three-level prevention plans recommended by WHO, strengthening spreading of aristogenesis among women of childbearing age, and intensifying systematic management in gestational period are proved effective and should be insisted on.